The total economic impact of an airport on a community equals the sum of which components?

• A. Primary impact and induced impact
• B. Direct impact and indirect impact
• C. Total impact and residual impact
• D. Induced impact and secondary impact

Answer: (A)

The total impact is formed by combining the airport’s own, direct activities with the ripple of spending generated when people connected to the airport earn wages and spend locally. In this context, the direct (primary) impact covers the airport’s immediate operations, while the induced impact captures the subsequent local spending by those earning income from the airport’s presence. Indirect effects, which come from the airport’s purchases in the supply chain, are treated separately in this framework, so the total impact is defined as the sum of direct/primary and induced effects. The other terms don’t fit this definition in the given material.